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integrity, innovation, professionalism, and win-win cooperation
High-purity specialty chemicals for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial engineering applications. Sourced directly from our certified manufacturing facility.
A deep-dive into the molecular structure, industrial synthesis pathways, and engineering-grade applications of Azelaic Acid (CAS 123-99-9).
Azelaic Acid, systematically named nonanedioic acid, carries the molecular formula C₉H₁₆O₄ and a molecular weight of 188.22 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is octane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, and it is assigned CAS number 123-99-9. The compound features a straight-chain nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid backbone: HOOC-(CH₂)₇-COOH, giving it a symmetrical structure that underpins its exceptional reactivity and versatility across chemical engineering disciplines.
In chemical engineering contexts, azelaic acid is classified as a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. Its bifunctional carboxylic acid groups make it an ideal monomer for polymerization reactions, esterification processes, and cross-linking applications. The compound appears as a white crystalline powder at room temperature, with a melting point of approximately 106–111°C and a boiling point near 286°C at 100 mmHg — properties that simplify handling in industrial processing environments.
The industrial production of azelaic acid primarily follows two routes. The most commercially dominant is the ozonolysis of oleic acid (a C18 unsaturated fatty acid derived from vegetable oils such as castor oil or rapeseed oil), which cleaves the double bond at the C9 position to yield azelaic acid and pelargonic acid as co-products. The second route involves the oxidation of cyclic ketones or microbial fermentation pathways, which are gaining traction as green chemistry alternatives. The formula engineering behind each synthesis route demands precise control of temperature, pressure, oxidant concentration, and reaction time to achieve commercial-grade purity levels of 98–99.5%.
| Property | Value / Detail |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Nonanedioic Acid / Azelaic Acid |
| CAS Number | 123-99-9 |
| Molecular Formula | C₉H₁₆O₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 188.22 g/mol |
| Structural Formula | HOOC-(CH₂)₇-COOH |
| Melting Point | 106–111 °C |
| Boiling Point | 286 °C (at 100 mmHg) |
| Solubility in Water | 2.14 g/100 mL (20°C) |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Purity (Industrial Grade) | 98%–99.5% |
| Primary Synthesis Route | Ozonolysis of oleic acid |
From a chemical engineering standpoint, the bifunctional nature of azelaic acid's formula enables it to participate in a wide variety of reactions. It undergoes esterification with mono- and polyhydric alcohols to produce plasticizers, lubricant base esters, and polyester resins. It reacts with diamines in polycondensation reactions to produce engineering polyamides (nylons). It can be reduced to the corresponding diol for polyurethane synthesis. Its relatively long carbon chain (C9) imparts flexibility and low-temperature performance to the polymeric products derived from it — a critical engineering requirement in aerospace, automotive, and electronics sectors.
The global azelaic acid market was valued at approximately USD 170–185 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5–6.5% through 2030, driven by rising demand in polymer engineering, personal care formulation, and specialty lubricant manufacturing. Asia-Pacific — led by China — accounts for the largest production share, while Europe and North America represent the highest-value application markets.
In polymer engineering, azelaic acid's formula is deployed in the synthesis of Nylon 6,9 (polyhexamethylene azelamide) and Nylon 6,9 variants, which offer superior moisture absorption resistance and dimensional stability compared to conventional Nylon 6,6. These engineering polyamides find applications in automotive fuel system components, electrical connectors, and industrial filtration membranes. The nine-carbon chain in the azelaic acid formula contributes to a lower glass transition temperature and improved impact resistance — properties that are directly engineered through careful monomer selection and reaction formula optimization.
In the field of synthetic lubricant engineering, azelaic acid esters — particularly di-2-ethylhexyl azelate (DEHA) — are formulated as high-performance plasticizers and lubricant base fluids. DEHA exhibits outstanding low-temperature fluidity (pour point below −65°C), excellent oxidation stability, and low volatility, making it a preferred choice for aviation hydraulic fluids, refrigeration compressor lubricants, and military-grade gear oils. The precise azelaic acid formula ratio in these ester syntheses is critical to achieving the required viscosity index and flash point specifications.
Key figures reflecting the commercial and industrial significance of the azelaic acid formula in global chemical engineering markets.
From polymer synthesis to green chemistry, the azelaic acid formula powers a diverse spectrum of chemical engineering applications.
Azelaic acid reacts with hexamethylenediamine in polycondensation reactions to produce Nylon 6,9 — an engineering polyamide with superior moisture resistance and dimensional stability used in automotive fuel lines, electrical connectors, and precision mechanical components.
Di-2-ethylhexyl azelate (DEHA), synthesized from the azelaic acid formula, delivers pour points below −65°C and high oxidative stability. It is essential in aviation hydraulic fluids, military lubricants, and refrigeration compressor oils where extreme-temperature performance is non-negotiable.
Azelaic acid is incorporated into alkyd resin formulas for high-durability industrial coatings, providing flexibility and weather resistance. Its long carbon chain reduces brittleness in cured films, making it valuable in marine coatings, automotive finishes, and protective industrial paints.
As a pharmaceutical-grade dicarboxylic acid, azelaic acid serves as an active ingredient in dermatological formulations for acne and rosacea treatment, and as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of specialty APIs. Strict purity formula standards (≥99%) are required for this sector.
In cosmetic chemical engineering, azelaic acid formulas are used at 10–20% concentrations in topical treatments for hyperpigmentation, acne, and skin texture improvement. Its dual antimicrobial and tyrosinase-inhibiting properties make it a multifunctional active ingredient.
Emerging biotechnology routes use engineered microorganisms (e.g., Candida tropicalis) to oxidize long-chain fatty acids into azelaic acid via ω-oxidation pathways. This bio-based formula approach reduces carbon footprint and aligns with sustainable chemical engineering mandates.
The azelaic acid formula is at the forefront of several transformative trends reshaping the global chemical engineering landscape.
With increasing regulatory pressure on petrochemical-derived intermediates, the industry is pivoting toward bio-based azelaic acid produced via enzymatic ozonolysis and microbial fermentation. These green synthesis routes maintain the same C₉H₁₆O₄ formula while achieving carbon-neutral or carbon-negative production profiles — a critical differentiator in ESG-driven procurement decisions.
The electrification of the automotive sector is driving unprecedented demand for engineering polyamides derived from azelaic acid formulas. EV battery housings, charging cable jackets, and thermal management components require materials with low moisture uptake and high dimensional stability — properties uniquely delivered by azelaic acid-based Nylon 6,9 and Nylon 6,10 formulations.
Regulatory agencies in the EU and US are expanding approved indications for azelaic acid-based topical pharmaceuticals. This is driving investment in ultra-high-purity (≥99.5%) azelaic acid production with tightly controlled impurity profiles, requiring advanced crystallization and purification engineering at the manufacturing formula level.
The space exploration and defense sectors are increasingly specifying azelaic acid ester-based lubricants for satellite mechanisms, launch vehicle actuators, and hypersonic vehicle systems. The extreme temperature range (−70°C to +200°C) performance of these ester formulas — derived from precise azelaic acid chemistry — makes them irreplaceable in next-generation aerospace engineering.
JIMPOCHEM CO., LTD was established in 2010 and is headquartered in the Chemical Industry Park of Jinan City, Shandong Province. The company covers an area of over 500 acres and is a professional chemical raw material manufacturer that integrates research and development, production, sales, and technical services. Its core focus is on high-end fine chemicals and cosmetic raw materials.
We have obtained multiple product related certifications, including ISO quality system certification and environmental management system certification, and are committed to providing high-quality chemical products and one-stop procurement service solutions to global customers. Our azelaic acid formula products meet the most stringent international quality benchmarks for chemical engineering applications.
Our core team comprises experts with over 10 years of experience in the chemical industry. This enables us not only to provide professional products but also to offer solutions in product development, formula optimization, and supply chain management, meeting the personalized needs of diverse clients.
We provide high-quality products and services, and our products are exported to over 200 countries and regions in Europe, America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Oceania, serving more than 5,000 international companies. We have also established long-term strategic partnerships with many internationally renowned chemical companies, becoming a trusted "designated chemical service provider" for numerous clients seeking azelaic acid formula solutions for chemical engineering projects.
Engineering-grade reliability backed by world-class infrastructure, quality systems, and sustainable manufacturing practices.
Leveraging years of industry experience, we have established stable raw material procurement channels and partnered with top global chemical raw material suppliers, ensuring stable raw material quality and ample supply. Our modern production base employs an intelligent control system to automate and digitally manage the production process, balancing large-scale production with flexible customization needs. This allows for rapid response to large-volume orders and personalized product requests from our clients.
Our ISO-certified quality management system governs every stage of azelaic acid formula production — from raw material incoming inspection through in-process analytical testing to finished product certificate of analysis. Advanced HPLC, GC, and titration methods ensure purity consistency batch-to-batch, meeting the stringent requirements of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial chemical engineering customers worldwide.
JIMPOCHEM holds environmental management system certification and continuously invests in cleaner production technologies. Our azelaic acid synthesis processes are optimized to minimize solvent waste, reduce energy consumption, and recover by-products such as pelargonic acid for value-added applications — aligning our chemical engineering operations with global sustainability frameworks including ISO 14001 and REACH compliance.
End-to-end support from formula development to global delivery — engineered for your chemical engineering success.
Our technical team provides one-on-one dedicated service tailored to the specific needs of clients across different industries and application scenarios. From product selection and formulation adjustments to application testing, we create customized chemical solutions to meet each client's actual requirements, helping them optimize production processes, reduce costs, and enhance product competitiveness.
Leveraging a comprehensive logistics network, we have established long-term partnerships with professional chemical logistics companies, offering a variety of transportation options including sea, air, and land transport to ensure safe and timely delivery of products worldwide. Simultaneously, we have established an intelligent inventory management system, ensuring readily available stock of regular products and rapid response to special orders, shortening customer procurement cycles.
We have established a professional after-sales service team and implement a 24/7 response mechanism. Customers can contact us by phone, email, or online consultation for any problems encountered during product use, and the after-sales team will provide a solution in the shortest possible time. At the same time, we conduct regular customer follow-ups to collect customer feedback and continuously optimize product and service quality.
Vision: To become a leading global provider of chemical solutions, leading technological innovation and green development in the industry.
JIMPOCHEM adheres to the core values of "integrity, innovation, professionalism, and win-win cooperation," providing efficient services to create long-term value for every partner. Whether you need azelaic acid formula specifications for chemical engineering, bulk procurement pricing, or custom synthesis support — we look forward to working hand in hand with global partners to create a better future!
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