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Explore our core chemical research compounds, each rigorously tested and certified for industrial and laboratory use.
An in-depth exploration of the molecular structure, industrial applications, research trends, and commercial significance of Azelaic Acid (CAS 123-99-9).
Azelaic acid, systematically named nonanedioic acid, carries the molecular formula C₉H₁₆O₄ with a molecular weight of 188.22 g/mol and CAS registry number 123-99-9. Its structural formula is HOOC-(CH₂)₇-COOH — a straight-chain dicarboxylic acid featuring two terminal carboxyl groups separated by a seven-carbon methylene chain. This bifunctional architecture is the cornerstone of its extraordinary versatility across chemical research disciplines.
The compound appears as a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 106–111 °C, low water solubility at room temperature, and good solubility in hot water, ethanol, and acetone. Its pKa values (4.55 and 5.59) confer mild acidity, making it a highly controllable reactant in synthetic chemistry and a safe active ingredient in topical formulations.
C₉H₁₆O₄ | MW: 188.22 g/mol | CAS: 123-99-9 | Structure: HOOC-(CH₂)₇-COOH | Bifunctional dicarboxylic acid with exceptional reactivity for esterification, amidation, and polymer synthesis.
The global azelaic acid market was valued at approximately USD 250 million in 2023 and is projected to surpass USD 420 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of around 7.5%. This robust growth is driven by expanding demand from three primary sectors: high-performance polymer manufacturing, pharmaceutical active ingredients, and premium cosmetic formulations.
Industrially, azelaic acid is produced via two major routes. The first and most established is the ozonolysis of oleic acid, a C18 unsaturated fatty acid derived from vegetable oils such as sunflower and rapeseed oil. Ozone cleaves the double bond at C9, yielding equimolar quantities of azelaic acid and pelargonic acid. This bio-based feedstock origin positions azelaic acid favorably within the green chemistry paradigm. The second route involves catalytic oxidation of cyclononene or related cyclic precursors, though this pathway remains less commercially dominant.
Leading producers are concentrated in Europe and Asia, with major Chinese manufacturers — including JIMPOCHEM — increasingly capturing global market share through scale, cost efficiency, and compliance with international quality standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. The shift toward bio-based and sustainable chemical feedstocks has further amplified interest in azelaic acid as a platform molecule for green industrial chemistry.
In polymer chemistry, the dicarboxylic functionality of azelaic acid makes it an ideal co-monomer for synthesizing aliphatic polyesters and polyamides with tailored thermal and mechanical properties. Polyazelate-based polyesters exhibit excellent flexibility, low glass transition temperatures, and superior hydrolytic stability — properties exploited in biodegradable packaging films, hot-melt adhesives, and specialty coatings. Nylon-6,9 (hexamethylenediamine + azelaic acid) is a commercially relevant polyamide valued for its moisture resistance and dimensional stability in engineering applications.
As a plasticizer intermediate, di-2-ethylhexyl azelate (DOZ) and diisononyl azelate (DINA) are synthesized from azelaic acid and used to impart low-temperature flexibility to PVC and synthetic rubber compounds — critical for automotive seals, cable insulation, and cold-climate flexible materials.
Azelaic acid esters are cornerstone ingredients in synthetic ester base oils for high-performance lubricants. Dioctyl azelate (DOA) and related esters offer outstanding viscosity-temperature behavior, low pour points, and excellent thermal stability — characteristics demanded by aerospace hydraulic fluids, jet engine lubricants, and precision instrument oils. Research into azelaic acid-derived complex esters continues to advance, targeting next-generation lubricants that meet increasingly stringent environmental and performance specifications.
Azelaic acid is an established active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in dermatology, with well-documented efficacy against acne vulgaris, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation. Its mechanism involves inhibition of the enzyme 5α-reductase (reducing dihydrotestosterone production), antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes, and selective inhibition of tyrosinase in abnormal melanocytes. Pharmaceutical-grade azelaic acid (≥99.5% purity) is formulated into 15% gels and 20% creams (e.g., Finacea®, Skinoren®).
Beyond dermatology, current research investigates azelaic acid derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, with preliminary studies exploring roles in metabolic syndrome management and neuroprotection. Its relatively low toxicity profile and established regulatory acceptance (FDA, EMA) accelerate preclinical research workflows.
In cosmetic chemical research, azelaic acid occupies a unique position as a multifunctional active that simultaneously addresses hyperpigmentation, acne, and skin texture. Formulation chemists study its compatibility with carrier systems (liposomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric micelles) to overcome its moderate aqueous solubility and enhance skin penetration. Research into azelaic acid salts (e.g., zinc azelate) and ester prodrugs aims to improve bioavailability while maintaining tolerability. The compound also synergizes with niacinamide, retinoids, and alpha-hydroxy acids in evidence-based multi-active formulations.
Azelaic acid is attracting significant attention as a bio-refinery platform chemical. Enzymatic and microbial biotransformation routes using engineered yeasts and bacteria to oxidize oleic acid or ricinoleic acid to azelaic acid represent a frontier in sustainable chemical manufacturing. These green pathways align with circular economy principles, reducing dependence on petrochemical feedstocks. Azelaic acid also serves as a precursor to sebacic acid derivatives and other C9 building blocks relevant to bio-based plastics research.
The carboxylate groups of azelaic acid form stable coordination complexes with metal surfaces, conferring effective corrosion inhibition. Azelaic acid and its ammonium/amine salts are incorporated into water-based metalworking fluids, rust-preventive coatings, and vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor (VCI) packaging. Research continues into optimizing concentration, pH, and synergistic inhibitor combinations for ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
Cross-disciplinary research combining azelaic acid with FDCA (2,5-furandicarboxylic acid) is yielding novel bio-based polyesters with enhanced barrier properties for sustainable packaging — a rapidly growing area attracting major R&D investment from global chemical and materials companies.
Several macrotrends are reshaping the commercial and research landscape for azelaic acid formula applications:
For chemical research applications, azelaic acid is supplied in multiple purity grades. Technical grade (≥95%) serves industrial polymer and lubricant synthesis. Pharmaceutical grade (≥99.5%, compliant with USP/EP monographs) is required for API manufacturing. Cosmetic grade (≥99%) meets the stringent safety and stability requirements of personal care formulations. JIMPOCHEM supplies all three grades with full analytical documentation including HPLC purity certificates, heavy metal testing, and regulatory compliance dossiers.
JIMPOCHEM CO., LTD was established in 2010 and is headquartered in the Chemical Industry Park of Jinan City, Shandong Province. The company covers an area of over 500 acres and is a professional chemical raw material manufacturer that integrates research and development, production, sales, and technical services. Its core focus is on high-end fine chemicals and cosmetic raw materials.
We have obtained multiple product related certifications, including ISO quality system certification and environmental management system certification, and are committed to providing high-quality chemical products and one-stop procurement service solutions to global customers.
Our core team comprises experts with over 10 years of experience in the chemical industry. This enables us not only to provide professional products but also to offer solutions in product development, formula optimization, and supply chain management, meeting the personalized needs of diverse clients.
Our products are exported to over 200 countries and regions in Europe, America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Oceania, serving more than 5,000 international companies. We have also established long-term strategic partnerships with many internationally renowned chemical companies, becoming a trusted "designated chemical service provider" for numerous clients.
Quality leads the future — trusted by 5,000+ global partners across 200+ countries.
Leveraging years of industry experience, we have established stable raw material procurement channels and partnered with top global chemical raw material suppliers, ensuring stable raw material quality and ample supply. Our modern production base employs an intelligent control system to automate and digitally manage the production process, balancing large-scale production with flexible customization needs. This allows for rapid response to large-volume orders and personalized product requests from our clients.
Our state-of-the-art quality control laboratory performs rigorous testing at every stage of production — from raw material inspection to finished product release. We adhere to ISO 9001 quality management standards, with full traceability documentation, HPLC purity analysis, heavy metal screening, and batch-specific certificates of analysis (CoA) provided for every shipment.
JIMPOCHEM holds ISO 14001 environmental management system certification and operates under strict green manufacturing protocols. Our azelaic acid production leverages bio-based oleic acid feedstocks, minimizes solvent waste through closed-loop recovery systems, and continuously invests in cleaner production technologies — aligning with global sustainability mandates and the circular economy vision.
End-to-end support from formulation consulting to global logistics — designed for chemical research and industrial procurement.
Our technical team provides one-on-one dedicated service tailored to the specific needs of clients across different industries and application scenarios. From product selection and formulation adjustments to application testing, we create customized chemical solutions to meet each client's actual requirements, helping them optimize production processes, reduce costs, and enhance product competitiveness.
Leveraging a comprehensive logistics network, we have established long-term partnerships with professional chemical logistics companies, offering a variety of transportation options including sea, air, and land transport to ensure safe and timely delivery of products worldwide. We have established an intelligent inventory management system, ensuring readily available stock of regular products and rapid response to special orders, shortening customer procurement cycles.
We have established a professional after-sales service team and implement a 24/7 response mechanism. Customers can contact us by phone, email, or online consultation for any problems encountered during product use, and the after-sales team will provide a solution in the shortest possible time. We conduct regular customer follow-ups to collect feedback and continuously optimize product and service quality.
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